国外动物智能军事应用情报研究

目的：阐述动物智能在军事学的应用及意义。方法：以学术论文、新闻、报纸、智库报告等作为信息源，综合研究国外动物智能军事应用实例及内在关联，描述动物智能在未来战场应用场景。结果：动物智能军事应用主要是动物特殊能力的军事应用和动物智能的仿生武器应用。结论：动物部队、仿生作战部队和动物战术是未来战争不可忽视的重要组成部分，动物智能的隐匿、灵活、多变等特点正逐渐被广泛应用于战场。     

主题创意设计理念在实验诊断学慕课设计中的新应用

随着"互联网+高等教育"打破传统教育的时空界限和学校围墙,慕课平台的大力发展,慕课建设成为如今教学模式的新改革,中国医科大学附属第一医院实验诊断学教研室承担《实验诊断学》的慕课课程建设工作,并首次将主题创意设计的理念应用于医学教育的慕课建设中。课程内容涵盖目前5大专业,9章,19节,82个热门检测项目。本文从主题创意设计的课程设计理念、构建课程框架、组建主题创意团队等多方面探讨实验诊断学慕课课程建设的过程,并通过微信公众号分别对在校学生和社会人士进行关于主题创意设计理念的慕课设计的教学效果评价及满意度调查。调查结果显示在校学生及在职人员实验组的随堂小考成绩、满意度调查得分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.266、4.689、4.198、3.869,P <0.001)。主题创意设计理念的慕课设计,有助提高学生对实验诊断课程的兴趣,提高慕课教学的教学质量,且在医学继续教育的领域,也可对相关专业的在职人员起到继续教育的作用。     

穿刺技术的改进和创新是穴位埋线疗法的第三次飞跃

穴位埋线是长效针灸,是在传统针具和针法基础上建立和发展起来的,是针灸技术的发展和延伸,穴位埋线的核心技术是穿刺技术,穴位埋线的三大要素中,针具、埋藏物、穿刺技巧之间是互相影响、互相促进的。针具的改进成功实现了穴位埋线疗法的第一次飞跃,埋藏物的改进成功实现了穴位埋线疗法的第二次飞跃,穿刺技术的改进和创新是穴位埋线疗法的第三次飞跃。     

对我国附条件批准上市化药药学技术要求的思考

我国2019年修订的《药品管理法》首次在法律层面提出附条件批准上市,标志着我国正式实施附条件批准上市制度。本文通过比较我国与欧美地区附条件批准上市药品的法规与技术要求,借鉴欧美地区对附条件批准化学药品的药学审评经验,探讨我国附条件批准上市化学药品的药学审评技术要求。     

课堂教学中的情境创设

课堂教学是以课堂的形式组织教学活动,并按照课程标准来完成课程目标的过程,教学情境创设是通过设计一定的教学情境,使老师和学生进行思想的交换和心灵的交融,达到激活学生已有经验、产生认知冲突和探究的欲望的操作。教师在充分研究教学内容、教学方法、学生认知水平和思维特点的基础上,在课堂教学的各个环节,创设适宜的教学情境,启迪学生思维,提高课堂教学效率,达成学习目标。     

HFMEA应用于气管插管非计划性拔管防范流程制定的研究

目的 将前瞻性可靠度分析法--医疗照护的失效模式与效应分析(Healthcare Failure Mode Effect Analysis,HFMEA)应用于临床上防止气管插管非计划性拔管流程的制定,旨在让护理人员充分认识到气管插管非计划性拔管(Unplanned extubation,UEX)的潜在风险因素、列出有价值的风险评估指标,有针对性地采取行动予以控制、减少甚至消除损害的发生。本文探讨依据该理论生成的防范流程对于气管插管非计划性拔管(UEX)的控制效果。 方法 回顾自2006年1月至2009年12月期间的气管插管非计划性拔管情况,制定UEX防范流程。观察自该流程实施后自2010年1月至2013年12月期间经口插管患者的气管插管非计划性拔管发生率和因素分析。 结果 通过分析得出经过流程规整后的非计划性拔管的发生率明显下降(P<0.005)。结论 通过HFMEA的方法分析UEX的失效因素,制定完善防拔管流程,指导临床护理人员的认知和控制措施的选择应用有助于减少临床非计划性气管插管拔管的发生。     

基于 DEA Malmquist 指数的我国高技术产业创新效率分析

文章选取2006-2012年我国24个省、自治区和直辖市的高技术产业作为决策单元,将技术创新划分为技术创新开发和转化两个阶段,分别对其投入和产出效率进行研究。研究结论如下：从技术创新的两个阶段比较而言,我国高技术产业的技术创新转化阶段的效率值优于技术开发阶段;从地域分布来看,东部地区的技术开发和转化效率总体高于中部和西部地区;从时间序列数据来看,我国高技术产业技术创新两个阶段的Malmquist全要素生产率指数变化均经历了先降后升的过程;从整体发展的视角看,我国目前多数省份的高技术产业创新效率较前些年有较大幅度的提升,但仍有较大的改进空间。     

Femoral vein transposition is a durable hemodialysis access for patients who have exhausted upper extremity options

ObjectiveAccess surgeons often encounter patients with end-stage renal disease who have exhausted all upper extremity hemodialysis access options. Although the lower extremity is often the next alternative, prosthetic lower extremity access can be prone to infectious complications and historically has poor patency. We describe our contemporary experience with an autogenous femoral vein transposition (FVT) arteriovenous fistula.MethodsAll FVTs performed at an academic medical center from 2006 to 2018 were analyzed. FVTs were placed after upper extremity access was deemed no longer possible by the treating surgeon. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and access history were described, and perioperative and short-term outcomes, including maturation, were analyzed.ResultsTwenty-one patients treated with FVT were identified. The mean age was 55.3 ± 11.1 years; 23.8% were female, and 71.4% were African American. The median body mass index was 27.1 kg/m² (range, 17-46 kg/m²). Comorbidities included hypertension (100%), diabetes (61.9%), coronary artery disease (57.1%), congestive heart failure (47.6%), and obesity (38.1%). Twenty patients had at least one prior arm access, whereas 13 patients (61.9%) had more than three prior arm accesses. Seventeen patients (81%) had central venous stenosis or occlusion confirmed on preoperative imaging. The mean operative time was 250 minutes (range, 144-406 minutes), and estimated blood loss was 140.5 mL. Preanastomotic tapering was performed in 20 (95.2%) patients. Four (19%) patients returned to the operating room within 30 days. Thirty-day postoperative cardiac and wound complications occurred in 9.5% and 19% of patients, respectively. Distal arterial ischemia requiring revascularization occurred in one (4.8%) patient at 7 months. There were no access-related infections that resulted in fistula ligation. There was no mortality at 30 days. Successful fistula maturation rate at 6 months was 88.9%. At 1 year, primary and secondary patency rates were 65.9%, and 94.7%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough autogenous FVT performed in patients without upper extremity options has a significant wound complication rate, it is associated with an outstanding maturation rate and excellent patency rates at 1 year. This access should be readily considered in hemodialysis patients without upper extremity access options.